An international convention on science research, as envisaged in the Svalbard Treaty and modelled on the ATCM, is vital
China is targeting the Arctic Council, exploiting governance gaps and promoting alternative frameworks that challenge
China’s Arctic strategy blends pragmatic investment, diplomatic signaling, and normative flexibility to exert
Svalbard faces Russian military build-up, disinformation, and diplomatic disputes, posing serious risks to NATO’s
China's discourses of multilateralism, respect, and convergence advance its strategic and normative objectives in the
China's Arctic engagement can be understood by considering the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in
A game-theoretic analysis of China–Russia Arctic cooperation shows that uncertainty influences divergent
The Russia-China Arctic relationship is characterized by pragmatism and situational cooperation, rather than a
Greenland’s strategic significance drives U.S. Arctic policy, and Greenland continues to anchor Washington’s