Climate change heightens Arctic security tensions, but the greater risk lies in how states respond in a transforming
Russian influence operations targeting Greenland and Scotland risk nuclear instability and demand enhanced national
China’s role in CAOFA shows rising Arctic engagement, but turning scientific diplomacy into governance practice is
China's mineral dominance and the competition for critical minerals are shaping its increasing influence in the
The role of satellite and subsea cable infrastructure in China’s strategy to strengthen its position in Arctic great
Sub-regional Arctic cooperation acts as a "strategic stabilizer" that can reduce fluctuations in relations between
China exploits the United States' Arctic governance gap, reshaping the Arctic agenda as a stable, sustainable, and
An international convention on science research, as envisaged in the Svalbard Treaty and modelled on the ATCM, is vital
China is targeting the Arctic Council, exploiting governance gaps and promoting alternative frameworks that challenge